FILL IN THE BLANKS {RESPIRATION IN THE PLANTS} NCERT BASED

*Respiration in plants* 

1.) The breaking of C-C bonds of complex compounds through oxidation within the cells, leading to release of considerable amount of energy is called ____________The compounds that are oxidised during this

process are known as____________

2 .) :_________acts as the energy currency of the cells.

3.) 

Plants have no specialized organs for gaseous exchange but they have________and

_________ for this purpose. 

4.) The breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid is called ___________

5.) The scheme of glycolysis was given by___________,_________,

and__________ and is often referred to as the EMP pathway.

6. ) Glycolysis occurs in_____________

of cell whereas citric acid cycle occurs in___________

7.) In plants, glucose is derived from________ which is end product of photosynthesis.

8.) In glycolysis, a chain of _____________reaction occurs.

9. ) Glycolysis starts with one molecule of six-carbon compound glucose and ends in formation of ___________molecules of __________-Carbon compound pyruvic acid.

10. In muscle cells of animals, when oxygen is inadequate, pyruvic acid is converted to________by

enzyme __________

11.) pyruvic acid + CoA+NAD - Acaturns + CO2 + ΝΔΠΗΤΗ Above reaction is catalyzed by enzyme _________which requires presence of _________Jon.

12.) During the conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinic acid in citric acid cycle, a molecule of __________is synthesised. This is a ___________phosphorylation.

13.) In Mitochondrial matrix, _________mol of NADH_____________ mol of FADH, and

____________mol of ATP is synthesized from 1 mol of pyruvate.

14. Citric acid cycle takes place in ________part and E.T.S In___________part of mitochondria.

15.) The metabolic pathway through which the electron passes from one carrier to another is called_______________

16. Complex-IV of E.T.S refers to cytochrome oxidase complex containing cytochromes, _____________and _______

 and___________

copper centres.

17. ATP synthase is complex-_______ of E.T.S.

18.) Oxidation of one molecule of NADH give rise to________molecules of ATP, while that of one

 molecules of FADH, produces, _______ molecules of ATP.

19.) __________ acts as the final hydrogen acceptor in E.T.S.

20. For each ATP produced in E.T.S,________________passes through F. (part of complex V) from intermem

brane space to the matrix____________the electrochemical gradient.

21.) There can be a net gain of _________ATP molecules during aerobic respiration of one molecule of

glucose.

22. The NADH synthesized in glycolysis ffis transferred into the mitochondria and undergoes,____________

phosphorylation.

23 . In fermentation there is a net gain of only______________

molecules of ATP for each molecule of glucose

degraded to pyruvic acid.

QUESTIONS

27.) Name the organism(s) that can prepare their own food by photosynthesis________

28.) Name the site(s) where breakdown of complex molecules takes place to yield energy__________

29.) The breakdown of the C-C bonds of complex compounds

through oxidation within the cells, leading to release of

considerable amount of energy is called._______

30.) Name the structures/organs in plants that are used for gaseous exchange________

31.) Write the reaction for complex combustion of glucose molecule_______

32.) All living organisms retain the enzymatic machinery

to partially oxidise glucose without the help of oxygen. This breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid is called.__________

33.). Name the scientists who gave the scheme of glycolysis__________

34.) Name the site of glycolysis in the cell__________

35.) How many ATP are directly synthesised in glycolysis from one glucose.___________

36.) Write the names of three major ways in which different cells handle pyruvic acid_____

37.) Write the enzymes which catalyse the conversion of pyruvic acid to CO, and ethanol__________

38.) How much amount of energy is released in lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation?___________

39.) Write the enzyme & its coenzymes which catalyse the following

reaction:- Pyruvic acid + NAD Acetyl CoA+ CO + NADH_____

40.) Name the process by which ATP is formed in electron transport system (ETS) in mitochondria._________

41.). How many ATP are gained during aerobic respiration using one glucose___________

42.) The ratio of the volume of CO, evolved to the volume of O consumed in respiration is called.____________.

43.) Find the value of RQ when fats (e.g. Tripalmiting are used in respiration______

44.) Find the value of RQ when respectively carbohydrates and proteins are used in respiration.___________

45.) Usually (A) are oxidised to release energy but (B) and even (C) can be used as respiratory substances in some plants._________

46.) During oxidation energy released in a series of slow stepwise reactions controlled by (A) and is trapped as (B) in the form of (C)._______

47.) The first cells on this planet lived in atmosphere that lacked (A)._______

48.) Fermentation takes place under (A) conditions in many (B) and unicellular (C)_____

49.) Yeasts poison themselves to death when the concentration of alcohol reaches about__________

50.) In mitochondrial matrix pyruvate undergoes___________

51.) TCA cycle starts with the condensation of acetyl group with (A) and (B) to yield citric acid.__________

52.) The metabolic pathway present in the inner mitochondrial membrane through which the electron passes from one carrier to another is called____________

53.) Oxidation of one molecule of NADH gives rise to (A) molecules of ATP, while that of one molecule of FADH produces (B) molecules of ATP._________

54.). If fatty acids were to be respired they would first be degraded to (A) and enter the pathway. Glycerol would enter the pathway after being converted to (B)______

55.). Respiratory pathway is involved in both anabolism and catabolism it would hence be better to consider the respiratory pathway as an_________

56.) Energy released by oxidation in respiration is not used directly but is used to synthesise ATP.

(True or False)

57.). ATP acts as the energy currency of the cell because it is broken down whenever (and wherever) energy needs to be utilised.

(True or False)

58.). Carbon skeleton produced during respiration. (Eg a-ketoglutarate, OAA etc. intermediates) are used as precursor for biosynthesis of other molecules in the cell

(True or False)

59.) Plants do not require O, for respiration and they never give out CO.

(True or False)

60.) Krebs cycle which is also called aerobic respiration requires O, supply.

(True or False)

61.) In mitochondrial matrix complete oxidation of pyruvate takes place in which all the hydrogen atoms are removed, leaving three molecules of CO.

(True or False)

62.) At inner membrane of mitochondria, passing on of the electrons

removed as part of the hydrogen atoms to molecular O, with

simultaneous synthesis of ATP occurs.

(True or False)

63.) Oxygen acts as the final hydrogen acceptor in electron transport chain of mitochondria.

(True or False)

64.) In respiration, energy of oxidation reduction is utilised for the production of proton gradient required for phosphorylation.

(True or False)

65.) Cytochrome c (small protein) is attached to outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane.

(True or False)

66.) Cytochrome c oxidase complex contains cyto-a & a, and two copper centres.

(True or False)

67.). When the electrons pass from one carrier to another via complex-I to IV in the eletron transport chain, they are coupled to ATP synthase (complex-V) for the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

(True or False)

68.) Fermentation accounts for only a partial breakdown of glucose whereas in aerobic respiration it is completely degraded to CO₂ and H,O

(True or False)

69.) NADH is oxidised to NAD rather slowly in fermentation, however the reaction is very vigorous in case of aerobic respiration. 

(True or False)

*Respiration in plant (Answer)* 

1.) respiration; respiratory substrate

2.) ATP

3.) stomata; lenticles

4.) glycolysis

5.) Embden; Meyerhof; Parnas

6.) cytoplasm; mitochondria

7.) sucrose

8. ) 10

9.) 2:3

10.) lactic acid; lactate dehydrogenase

11.) pyruvate dehydrogenase;

Mg++

12.) GTP; substrate-level

13.) 4; 1; 1

14.) matrix; inner membrane

15.) electron transport system (E.T.S)

16.) a; a, ; 2

17. ) V

18.) 3; 2

19.) oxygen

20.) 2H+; down

21.) 36

22.) oxidative

23.) 2

24.) acetyl CoA; PGAL

25.) amphibolic

26.) respiratory quotient (RQ);1;0.9

27.) All green plants, cyanobacteria, some protist and some other eubacteria.

28.) Cytoplasm & mitochondria

29.) Respiration

30.) Stomata & lenticels

31.) CHO+60

6CO, 6H₂O+ Energy

32.) Glycolysis

33.) Gustav Embden

Otto Meyerhoff & J. Parnas

34.) Cytoplasm

35.) 4ATP

36.) Lactic acid fermentation

Alcoholic fermentation

Aerobic respiration

37.) Pyruvic acid decarboxylase

Alcohol dehydrogenase

38.) Less than 7% of total energy in glucose.

39.) Pyruvate dehydrogenase, NAD, CoA, Mg2+. TPP (Thiamine pyrophosphate), LA (Lipoic acid)

40.) Oxidative phosphorylation

41.) 36 or 38 ATP

42.) Respiratory quotient (RQ) or Respiratory ratio

43.) 0.7

44.) 1.0 and 0.9

45.) A = carbohydrate

B proteins, fats

C-organic acids

46.) A enzymes

B = chemical energy

C-ATP

47.) A = oxygen

48.) A = anaerobic

B= prokaryotes

C= eukaryotes

49.) 13%

50.) Oxidative decarboxylation

51.) A oxaloacetic acid

B = water

52.) electron transport system (ETS

53.) A-three

B = two

54.) A = acetyl Co-A

B=PGAL

55.) amphibolic pathway

56.) True

57.) True

58.) True

59.) False

60.) True

61.) True 

62.) True

63.) True

64.) True

65.) True

66.) True

67.) True

68.) True

69.) True